Which process is primarily responsible for the removal of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)?

The process that effectively removes Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is primarily driven by aeration and microorganisms. During aeration, oxygen is introduced into the wastewater, facilitating conditions under which aerobic microorganisms can thrive. These microorganisms metabolize organic matter in the wastewater, which is a significant contributor to BOD.

As these microorganisms consume the organic compounds, they convert them into biomass and additional byproducts, effectively reducing the level of BOD in the treatment process. This biological treatment is a cornerstone of wastewater treatment and is crucial for protecting water quality in receiving bodies of water.

In contrast, chemical treating agents are typically employed to aid in the treatment process but do not primarily target the reduction of BOD, as they mainly focus on inactivating pathogens or precipitating certain chemical contaminants. Filtration and chlorination processes are more geared towards removing solids and disinfection, respectively, rather than specifically reducing BOD levels. Settling and drying are methods used to remove solids and water but are not oriented towards the biological degradation of organic material that directly influences BOD. Thus, aeration coupled with microorganisms represents the key mechanism for effectively addressing BOD in wastewater management.